Systemic disease and the lung

Pulmonary manifestations of systemic disease occur in a wide range of conditions including, most commonly, connective tissue diseases such as scleroderma and rheumatoid arthritis. Certain haematological malignancies are associated with acquired pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Treatment of myelo-lymphoproliferative diseases with bone marrow transplantation can itself cause obliterative bronchiolitis as part of a graft-versus-host response. Infectious pathologies such as HIV disease can predispose to opportunistic lung infection, pulmonary lymphoid disorders and cancer.