Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative condition, affecting 2–3% of individuals >65 years of age. Although it is defined as a movement disorder, patients also experience a range of non-motor symptoms, reflecting pathology that is more widespread than originally thought in the peripheral and autonomic nervous system as well as the brainstem and cortex. Some non-motor symptoms emerge years before motor problems. This prodromal stage of PD may represent the optimal time for intervention with future disease-modifying therapies.