Takotsubo Syndrome, initially described in the 1990s by Sato, has been increasingly recognized around the world. Pathophysiology is directed towards…
A Unifying Diagnosis: IgG4-Related Disease
The patient had long grappled with a disease attributed to toxin exposure after the World Trade Center attack on September…
Motor Neuron Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management
Patients with motor neuron diseases may present to primary care clinic or may be initially encountered in the inpatient setting.…
Ideal Cardiovascular Health Is Inversely Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Prospective Analysis
Cardiovascular health has been proven to be associated with major cardiometabolic diseases. However, little is known of associations between cardiovascular…
Sleep Duration and Risk of Fatal Coronary Heart Disease, Sudden Cardiac Death, Cancer Death, and All-Cause Mortality
Sleep duration has been shown to be associated with all-cause mortality; however, its relationship with cause-specific fatal events remains uncertain.…
Vitamin D Status and Exercise Capacity in Older Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Background: Older patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction have severe exercise intolerance. Vitamin D may play a role…
Role of High-Dose Beta-Blockers in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Elevated Heart Rate
Beta-blockers in high target doses are recommended for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) but not for preserved ejection…
Dementia and Atrial Fibrillation: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications
Atrial fibrillation increases the risk of stroke by a factor of four- to fivefold, and dementia is a common consequence…
The Necessity of Sham Controls
A fundamental issue in biomedical research is how we prove a therapy is effective. When considering medications intended to improve…
After the Match: Cultivating a Community of Support, Retention, and Mentoring to Enhance Diversity
In 2004, the Association of American Medical Colleges defined underrepresented in medicine as “racial and ethnic populations that are underrepresented…